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Kalangan penghujat Islam seringkali menuduh bahwa Rasul dan para sahabat adalah pembunuh kejam dan berdarah dingin dimasanya yang menunjukkan seolah ajaran Islam memang disebarkan dengan pedang. Hal ini sebenarnya tidaklah tepat, karena kalau dapat dipahami latar belakang peristiwanya, maka hal tersebut bukanlah sesuatu yang tidak masuk akal. Karena itu artikel ini akan mencoba untuk memberikan gambaran dan juga tautan-tautan yang menepis anggapan-anggapan tersebut:
Pengantar:
Nabi SAW lahir, hidup dan tinggal diantara atau dikelilingi oleh 360 suku pagan dan 3 suku Yahudi yang masing-masing memiliki kemampuan berperang. Oleh karena itu situasi dimana nabi SAW berada adalah diselimuti oleh bahaya demi bahaya. Tentu dapat dimengerti bahwa dalam situasi yang tidak menguntungkan seperti ini, dimana nabi SAW dan kaum muslimin harus tetap survive dan tidak mempunyai pilihan lain, akan mengakibatkan terjadinya banyak benturan disana-sini berupa peperangan-peperangan dan pertentangan yang cukup sulit untuk dihindarkan.
Hal ini juga harus dipahami bahwa status Muhammad adalah sebagai seorang nabi yang diutus dan ditugaskan untuk menyampaikan ajaran agama. Sementara kalau dibandingkan dengan nabi-nabi terdahulu saja dapat diketahui bagaimana nasib mereka, seperti Yohanes Pembaptis dan nabi Zakariya yang tidak berdaya dibunuh oleh Yahudi dan bahkan Yesus sendiri yang harus mengalami peristiwa seperti penyaliban dan tidak berdaya melawan keganasan orang-orang Yahudi.
Jadi dalam keadaan dikelilingi oleh 360 suku-suku musyrik penyembah berhala dan orang-orang munafik, otomatis tidaklah mudah hidup dalam lingkungan seperti itu, dimana dalam situasi seperti itu bentrokan fisik, maupun pengkhianatan-pengkhianatan sering terjadi, termasuk propaganda, hasutan dan upaya-upaya pembunuhan terhadap kaum muslimin.
Lingkungan tidak kondusif ini juga diakibatkan karena banyaknya orang-orang munafik dan juga sifat-sifat Yahudi yang cenderung tidak bersahabat dengan nabi SAW dan bahkan dengan para nabi yang pernah diutus sebelumnya, seperti ditunjukkan dalam ayat-ayat berikut:
matius 23:37
23:37 “Yerusalem, Yerusalem, engkau yang membunuh nabi-nabi dan melempari dengan batu orang-orang yang diutus kepadamu!Berkali-kali Aku rindu mengumpulkan anak-anakmu, sama seperti induk ayam mengumpulkan anak-anaknya di bawah sayapnya, tetapi kamu tidak mau.
yohanes 7:19
Bukankah Musa yang telah memberikan hukum Taurat kepadamu? Namun tidak seorangpun di antara kamu yang melakukan hukum Taurat itu. Mengapa kamu berusaha membunuh Aku?“
1 raja-raja 19:13-14
19:13 Segera sesudah Elia mendengarnya, ia menyelubungi mukanya dengan jubahnya, lalu pergi ke luar dan berdiri di pintu gua itu. Maka datanglah suara kepadanya yang berbunyi: “Apakah kerjamu di sini, hai Elia?” 19:14 Jawabnya: “Aku bekerja segiat-giatnya bagi TUHAN, Allah semesta alam, karena orang Israel meninggalkan perjanjian-Mu, meruntuhkan mezbah-mezbah-Mu dan membunuh nabi-nabi-Mu dengan pedang; hanya aku seorang dirilah yang masih hidup, dan mereka ingin mencabut nyawaku.“
Sahih Bukhari Volume 5, Book 58, Number 277:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, “Had only ten Jews (amongst their chiefs) believe me, all the Jews would definitely have believed me.”
Sahih Bukhari Volume 9, Book 88, Number 229:
Narrated Abi Waih:
Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman said, ‘The hypocrites of today are worse than those of the lifetime of the Prophet, because in those days they used to do evil deeds secretly but today they do such deeds openly.’
Sahih Bukhari Volume 9, Book 88, Number 230:
Narrated Abi Asha’sha:
Hudhaifa said, ‘In fact, it was hypocrisy that existed in the lifetime of the Prophet but today it is Kufr (disbelief) after belief.’
Segolongan (lain) dari Ahli Kitab berkata (kepada sesamanya): “Perlihatkanlah (seolah-olah) kamu beriman kepada apa yang diturunkan kepada orang-orang beriman (sahabat-sahabat Rasul) pada permulaan siang dan ingkarilah ia pada akhirnya, supaya mereka (orang-orang mukmin) kembali (kepada kekafiran). (QS. 3:72)
Tuduhan: Muhammad’s treatment of enemies
Muhammad, on the whole, appeared to be a pious man. There are, however, several interesting contradictions in his own life. One of the most damaging was his relationship with his enemies.Also, excessive cruelty in the cases of
- Ka`b bin al-Ashraf
- Sallam Ibn Abu’l-Huqayq (Abu Rafe) (Abu Rafi)
- Al-Nadr bin al-Harith
- `Uqba bin Abi Mu`ayt
- `Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul al-`Aufi
- Umaiya bin Khalaf Abi Safwan
- `Amr b. Jihash
- An anonymous man
- Ibn Sunayna, Sirat p. 369 + note 580
- Abd Allah Ibn Sa`d Ibn Abi Sarh
- Abu `Afak
- `Asma’ Bint Marwan
- The Meccan Ten:
- Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl
Habbar Ibn al-Aswad
Miqyas Ibn Sababah al-Laythi
Abd Allah Ibn Sa`d Ibn Abi Sarh (more detail in the above article)
Al-Huwayrith Ibn Nuqaydh
Abd Abbah Ibn Hilal Ibn Khatal al-Adrami
Hind Bint Utbah
Sarah the mawlat of `Amr Ibn Hashim
Fartana
Qaribah- Al-Yusayr b. Rizam and Khalid b. Sufyan b. Nubayh, Sirat 665-6
- the tribe of Banu Qurayza
- Kinana b. al-Rabi` and
- the people from Urayna.
1. Pembunuhan K’ab bin al-Ashraf, respon: klik sini
2. Pembunuhan Al-Nadr bin al-Harith, respon: klik sini
3. Pembunuhan Uqba bin Abi Mu`ayt, respon: klik sini
4. Pembunuhan Umaiya bin Khalaf Abi Safwan, respon: klik sini
5. Pembunuhan Amr b. Jihash, respon: klik sini
Komentar saya:
Seorang Nabi tentu saja dianugrahi atau setidaknya telah diberi wangsit oleh Allah SWT agar melakukan sesuatu tindakan. Karena itu anggapan bahwa nabi SAW telah membunuh Amr b. Jihash berdasar dugaan adalah argumen yang tidak mempunyai dasar. Hal ini seperti disebut dalam ayat berikut:
- (Dia adalah Tuhan) Yang Mengetahui yang ghaib, maka Dia tidak memperlihatkan kepada seorangpun tentang yang ghaib itu. Kecuali kepada rasul yang diridhai-Nya, maka sesungguhnya Dia mengadakan penjaga-penjaga (malaikat) di muka dan di belakangnya. (QS. 72:26-27)
- Katakanlah: “Aku bukanlah Rasul yang pertama di antara Rasul-rasul dan aku tidak mengetahui apa yang akan diperbuat terhadapku dan tidak (pula) terhadapmu. Aku tidak lain hanyalah mengikuti apa yang diwahyukan kepadaku dan aku tidak lain hanyalah seorang pemberi peringatan yang memberi penjelasan”. (QS. 46:9)
- Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 52, Number 286:Respon: Sudah cukup jelas bahwa orang tersebut adalah seorang mata-mata dari orang kafir. Karena kegiatannya tersebut dapat membahayakan posisi kaum muslimin, maka dalam konteks perang, mata-mata tersebut layak dibunuh. Jika dibandingkan dengan Bibel, nabi Daud sendiri membunuh orang yang hanya menyampaikan kabar bahwa sahabat nabi Daud (Saul) telah meninggal:
Narrated Salama bin Al-Akwa:
“An infidel spy came to the Prophet while he was on a journey. The spy sat with the companions of the Prophet and started talking and then went away. The Prophet said (to his companions), ‘Chase and kill him.’ So, I killed him.” The Prophet then gave him the belongings of the killed spy (in addition to his share of the war booty).
- 2 samuel 4:9-10 4:10 Ketika ada orang yang membawa kabar kepadaku demikian: Saul sudah mati! dan memandang dirinya sebagai orang yang menyampaikan kabar baik, maka aku menangkap dan membunuh dia di Ziklag, dan dengan demikian aku memberikan kepadanya upah kabarnya;
8. Pembunuhan Abd Allah Ibn Sa`d Ibn Abi Sarh, respon: klik sini dan klik sini
- Sahih Muslim Book 38, Number 4345:9. Pembunuhan Abu `Afak, respon: klik sini
Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:
Abdullah ibn AbuSarh used to write (the revelation) for the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). Satan made him slip, and he joined the infidels. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) commanded to kill him on the day of Conquest (of Mecca). Uthman ibn Affan sought protection for him. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) gave him protection.
10. Pembunuhan Asma’ Bint Marwan, respon: klik sini
11. Pembunuhan The Meccan Ten, respon: klik sini
12. Pembunuhan the tribe of Banu Qurayza, respon: klik sini
13. Pembunuhan Kinana b. al-Rabi, respon: klik sini
14. Pembunuhan Bani Urayna, respon: klik sini dan klik sini
Komentar Osama:
The tribe of Uraina or Bani Uraina (in Arabic) were one of the worst Pagan tribes that the Muslims had to face. Their style in fighting was to attack the Muslims during the night and kill as much men as possible. They also used all of the dirty tricks they could to (1) defeat the Muslims; (2) sneaking up on the Muslims; and (3) cause enmity between the Muslims and other Pagan tribes.
In all of the battles that Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him entered, he never killed any captive, nor did he torture any captive. Only the tribe of Uraina did it.
The men from Bani Uraina who came to the Muslims and pretended to embraced Islam played the same tricks that their tribe always played. They pretended to be Muslims, and then when the opportunity presented itself, they would kill as much as possible and run away.
Notice how Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him trusted them at first, regardless of the bad history that this tribe had. He never generalized, and he gave those men a chance and the benefit of the doubt.
Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him didn’t order the hard punishment for those hypocrites because they were hypocrites. Muslims during the weak times of Islam suffered from lots and lots of hypocrites. The People of the Book (Jews and Christians) were among the worst hypocrites; “A section of the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) say: Believe in the morning what is revealed to the believers (Muslims), but reject it at the end of the day; perchance they may (themselves) turn back (from Islam). (The Noble Quran, 3:72)“
Prophet Muhammad never ordered for any of the Jewish or Christian hypocrite’s hands or legs to be cut off. He only did it to Bani Uraina, because they highly deserved it!.
So the point is, Islam DOES NOT order the cutting of the right hand and left leg, or the left hand and right leg of any hypocrite who UNTRUTHFULLY embraces Islam and then leaves it later on, because many during the weak times of Islam embraced Islam and left it, and no such torture happened to them.
- Sesungguhnya pembalasan terhadap orang-orang yang memerangi Allah dan Rasul-Nya dan membuat kerusakan di muka bumi, hanyalah mereka dibunuh atau disalib, atau dipotong tangan dan kaki mereka dengan bertimbal balik, atau dibuang dari negeri (tempat kediamannya). Yang demikian itu (sebagai) suatu penghinaan untuk mereka didunia, dan di akhirat mereka beroleh siksaan yang besar, (QS. 5:33)
- 1 samuel 17:51-54 Daud berlari mendapatkan orang Filistin itu, lalu berdiri di sebelahnya; diambilnyalah pedangnya, dihunusnya dari sarungnya, lalu menghabisi dia. Dipancungnyalah kepalanya dengan pedang itu. 17:53 Kemudian pulanglah orang Israel dari pemburuan hebat atas orang Filistin, lalu menjarah perkemahan mereka.
17:54 Dan Daud mengambil kepala orang Filistin yang dipancungnya itu dan membawanya ke Yerusalem,
- 2 samuel 4:12 Sesudah itu Daud memberi perintah kepada anak buahnya untuk membunuh mereka; tangan dan kaki mereka dipotong, kemudian mayat mereka digantung di tepi telaga di Hebron. Tetapi kepala Isyboset diambil dan dikuburkan di dalam kubur Abner di Hebron.
Namun perkembangan selanjutnya, Islam telah melarang memutilasi lawannya dalam peperangan:
- Sahih Muslim Book 019, Number 4294:
It has been reported from Sulaiman b. Buraid through his father that when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) appointed anyone as leader of an army or detachment he would especially exhort him to fear Allah and to be good to the Muslims who were with him. He would say: Fight in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. Fight against those who disbelieve in Allah. Make a holy war, do not embezzle the spoils; do not break your pledge; and do not mutilate (the dead) bodies; do not kill the children. When you meet your enemies who are polytheists, invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them. Then invite them to migrate from their lands to the land of Muhairs and inform them that, if they do so, they shall have all the privileges and obligations of the Muhajirs. If they refuse to migrate, tell them that they will have the status of Bedouin Muilims and will be subjected to the Commands of Allah like other Muslims, but they will not get any share from the spoils of war or Fai’ except when they actually fight with the Muslims (against the disbelievers). If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah’s help and fight them. When you lay siege to a fort and the besieged appeal to you for protection in the name of Allah and His Prophet, do not accord to them the guarantee of Allah and His Prophet, but accord to them your own guarantee and the guarantee of your companions for it is a lesser sin that the security given by you or your companions be disregarded than that the security granted in the name of Allah and His Prophet be violated When you besiege a fort and the besieged want you to let them out in accordance with Allah’s Command, do not let them come out in accordance with His Command, but do so at your (own) command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah’s behest with regard to them.
- Malik Muwatta Book 21, Number 21.3.11:
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote to one of his governors, “It has been passed down to us that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent out a raiding party, he would say to them, ‘Make your raids in the name of Allah in the way of Allah. Fight whoever denies Allah. Do not steal from the booty, and do not act treacherously. Do not mutilate and do not kill children.’ Say the same to your armies and raiding parties, Allah willing. Peace be upon you.”
- Sahih Muslim Book 38, Number 4348:Respon Kasus 1:
Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas:
A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) was informed about it.
He assembled the people and said: I adjure by Allah the man who has done this action and I adjure him by my right to him that he should stand up. Jumping over the necks of the people and trembling the man stood up.
He sat before the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and said: Apostle of Allah! I am her master; she used to abuse you and disparage you. I forbade her, but she did not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not abandon her habit. I have two sons like pearls from her, and she was my companion. Last night she began to abuse and disparage you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her. Thereupon the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.
1. Wanita tersebut setiap hari kerjanya memaki-maki orang lain. Hal ini bukanlah kelihatan sebagai hal yang wajar jika ini dilakukan.
2. Nabi SAW tidak mengetahui bahwa laki-laki buta tersebut telah membunuh gundiknya. Jika beliau tahu bisa saja wanita tsb akan disembuhkan dari penyakit “kronis”nya tsb. Keterlanjuran membunuh oleh laki-laki tadi bukanlah peristiwa yg diketahui dan dikehendaki oleh rasul.
3. Majikan buta tsb kelihatan seperti seorang yg tidak terpelajar. Jika rasul menghukum laki-laki tsb karena membela rasul, maka bisa jadi dikhawatirkan akan timbul fitnah baik bagi kaum muslimin maupun keimanan orang buta itu sendiri.
4. Dari sisi hukum Islam, status majikan adalah lebih tinggi dari budak/gundik tersebut, karena Qishas harus terjadi dgn status yg setara:
Hai orang-orang yang beriman, diwajibkan atas kamu qishaash berkenaan dengan orang-orang yang dibunuh; orang merdeka dengan orang merdeka, hamba dengan hamba, dan wanita dengan wanita. (QS. 2:178 )
- Sahih Muslim Book 38, Number 4349:Respon Kasus 2:
Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib:
A Jewess used to abuse the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and disparage him. A man strangled her till she died. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) declared that no recompense was payable for her blood.
Konteks peristiwa ini hanya menjelaskan bahwa hukum Qishas atau diyat tidak berlaku atau tidak terjadi jika yang terbunuh adalah seorang non muslim. Namun harus dipahami bahwa secara konteks, situasi saat itu adalah tidaklah mungkin bagi nabi SAW untuk mencegah atau mengontrol setiap orang agar tidak membunuh seseorang yang lain, karena nabi SAW sendiri tidak selalu berada di tempat kejadian perkara. Karena dalam narasi hadis diatas tidak dijelaskan bahwa Yahudi yang terbunuh tidak meninggalkan keluarga, maka dapat diasumsikan bahwa Yahudi tersebut tidaklah meninggalkan keluarga.
Meski begitu, jika yang terbunuh (non muslim) meninggalkan keluarga, maka keluarga ahli warisnya berhak mendapat diyat (denda/ganti rugi) sebesar 1/3 dari diyat orang Islam jika yang terbunuh adalah orang Nasrani/Yahudi, dan 3/10 dari diyat orang Islam jika yang terbunuh adalah orang Majusi.
- Sahih Bukhari Volume 9, Book 83, Number 36:
Narrated Sahl bin Abi Hathma:
(a man from the Ansar) that a number of people from his tribe went to Khaibar and dispersed, and then they found one of them murdered. They said to the people with whom the corpse had been found, “You have killed our companion!” Those people said, “Neither have we killed him, nor do we know his killer.” The bereaved group went to the Prophet and said, “O Allah’s Apostle! We went to Khaibar and found one of us murdered.” The Prophet said, “Let the older among you come forward and speak.” Then the Prophet said, to them, “Bring your proof against the killer.” They said “We have no proof.” The Prophet said, “Then they (the defendants) will take an oath.” They said, “We do not accept the oaths of the Jews.” Allah’s Apostle did not like that the Blood-money of the killed one be lost without compensation, so he paid one-hundred camels out of the camels of Zakat (to the relatives of the deceased) as Diya (Blood-money).
Sumber tambahan:
Refuting Emotionalism: MUHAMMAD, ISLAM, AND TERRORISM
16. Sirat Rasul Allah, Al-Tabaqat, dan The History of Tabari,
Quote:
The Sirat Rasul Allah was written by Ibn Ishaq in 750 A.D. It was edited and abridged by Ibn Hisham in 830 and translated by Alfred Guillaume under the title, The Life of Muhammad in 1955 by Oxford Press. Referred to as the Sira, or Biography, Ishaq’s Hadith Collection is comprised of oral reports from Muhammad and his companions. It provides the only written account of Muhammad’s life and the formation of Islam composed within two centuries of the prophet’s death. There is no earlier or more accurate source.
The History of al-Tabari, called the Ta’rikh, was written by Abu Muhammad bin al-Tabari between 870 and 920 A.D. His monumental work was translated and published in 1987 through 1997 by the State University of New York Press. Tabari’s History is comprised entirely of Islamic Hadith. It is arranged chronologically. Tabari is Islam’s oldest uncensored source.
[Ishaq:550] “Muhammad ordered that certain men should be assassinated even if they were found behind the curtains of the Ka’aba. Among them was Abdallah bin Sa’d [the Qur'an's one and only scribe]. The reason that Allah’s Messenger ordered that he should be slain was because he had become a Muslim and used to write down Qur’an Revelation. Then he apostatized [rejected Islam].”
[Tabari VIII:40] “The Messenger commanded that furrows should be dug in the ground for the Qurayza. Then he sat down. Ali and Zubayr began cutting off their heads in his presence.”
[Tabari VIII:38] “The Messenger of Allah commanded that all of the Jewish men and boys who had reached puberty should be beheaded. Then the Prophet divided the wealth, wives, and children of the Banu Qurayza Jews among the Muslims.”
[Tabari vol.vii, pp.97-98] Rasul Allah berkata, “Yahudi manapun yang jatuh ke tanganmu, bunuh dia.” Jadi ketika Muhayyish b. Masud bertemu Ibn Sunaynah, yakni seorang pedagang Yahudi yang kenal dekat dengan mereka dan biasa berdagang dengan mereka, Muhayyish pun lalu membunuh Ibn Sunaynah. Kakak laki Muhayyish yang bernama Huwayyish b. Masud belum memeluk Islam saat itu dan ketika Huwayyish tahu akan pembunuhan yang dilakukan adiknya Muhayyish, dia lalu mulai memukuli Muhayyish sambil berkata, “O musuh Tuhan, kau membunuh dia? Demi Tuhan, perutmu itu jadi gemuk karena kekayaan dari dia (Ibn Sunaynah).” Muhayyish berkata, “Kukatakan padanya, ‘Demi Tuhan, jika dia yang memerintahku untuk membunuhnya (Ibn Sunaynah) lalu memerintahku untuk membunuhmu, maka aku akan memancung kepalamu.’” Dan demi Tuhan, itu adalah saat awal Huwayyish menerima Islam. Dia (Huwayyish) berkata, “Jika Muhammad memerintahmu untuk membunuhku, apakah kau akan membunuhku?” dan aku jawab, “Ya, demi Tuhan, jika dia memerintahku untuk membunuhmu, aku akan memancung kepalamu.” “Demi Tuhan,” kata dia (Huwayyish), “sungguh luar biasa imanmu itu.” Lalu Huwayyisah memeluk Islam.
[Ibn Sa’d, vol. ii p.201] Muhammad mengirim al-Dahak ibn Sufyan ke al-Zuji untuk mengajak orang2 B. Kilab memeluk Islam. Ketika mereka menolak, tentara2 Muslim menyerang mereka dan memaksa mereka berlarian pergi ketakutan. Diantara para Muslim terdapat seorang Jihadis tulen bernama al-Asyad . Dia bertemu dengan ayahnya yang bernama Salamah yang sedang mengendarai kuda. Al-Asyad meminta ayahnya masuk Islam. Tapi ayahnya malah menegurnya karena memeluk Islam. Al-Asyad jadi marah dan dia memotong kuda ayahnya. Ketika ayahnya terjatuh, dia lalu menangkapnya sampai para Muslim yang lain tiba di tempat itu dan membunuhnya .
[Tabari, vol. viii, p.55] Ketika terjadi pertikaian antara orang2 Muslim Ansar (dipimpin oleh Abd Allah ibn Ubayy) dan Muslim Muhajidin, anak laki Abd Allah ibn Ubayy yakni Abd Allah b. Abd Allah b. Ubayy datang menghadap Muhammad dan menawarkan diri untuk membunuh ayahnya sendiri. Dia berkata, “Rasul Allah, aku diberitahu bahwa kau ingin membunuh Abd Allah b. Ubayy karena apa yang dikabarkan padamu tentang dirinya. Jika kau memang ingin melakukan itu, perintahkan aku untuk melakukannya dan aku akan membawa kepalanya padamu. Demi Tuhan, al-Khazraj tahu bahwa tidak ada seorang pun diantara mereka yang lebih berbakti kepadanya ayahnya daripada aku. Aku khawatir engkau akan memerintah orang lain untuk membunuh ayahku dan dia akan melakukannya; dan aku akan tidak tahan melihat pembunuh Abd Allah b. Ubayy berjalan diantara orang2. (Karena itu) Aku bersedia membunuhnya, membunuh seorang Muslim untuk membalas dendam seorang kafir, dan karenanya (aku) akan masuk Api [neraka].”
[Ibn Sa'd page 249] The apostle of Allah and his companions ate from it. It (goat) said: “I am poisoned.” He [Muhammad] said to his Companions, “Hold you hands! because it has informed me that it is poisoned!” They withdrew their hands, but Bishr Ibn al-Bara expired. The apostle of Allah sent for her (Jewess) and asked her, “What induced you to do what you have done?” She replied, “I wanted to know if you are a prophet, in that case it will not harm you and if you are a king, I shall relieve the people of you. He gave orders and she was put to death.
[Ibn Hisham Al Sira Al-Nabawia, Bahagian 4, ms.180] “Tatkala Nabi Muhammad telah wafat, ramai ‘penganut-penganut’ Islam di kota Mekkah dengan cepatnya ingin meninggalkan Islam. Maka telah bangunlah Suhayl bin ‘Amru, dia berkata: ‘Siapa saja yang meninggalkan Islam, kami akan pancung kepalanya!’ Ramai orang pun membatalkan niatnya karena takut dibunuh.”
Respon:
Sumber-sumber hadis dari Al Tabari, Ibnu Ishaq, Ibnu S’ad dan beberapa lainnya tidaklah termasuk hadis-hadis otentik karena hadis-hadis ini juga tidak mempunyai sanad dan atau isnad. Jadi tidak bisa dipakai sebagai argumentasi. Apalagi Tabari juga menyebut dalam pembukaan kitab Tarikhnya bahwa beliau tidak menyaring berita-berita yang ada. Komentar selengkapnya dapat dilihat di:
http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Polemics/sverses.html(Tabari’s Disclaimer)
Penutup:
Banyak non muslim yang menyatakan bahwa orang-orang muslim dijaman nabi membunuh atau nabi SAW sendiri membunuh karena untuk kepentingan atau keegoisan nabi SAW. Hal ini tidak benar, karena nabi SAW tidaklah membunuh atau memerintahkan seperti itu atas kepentingan sendiri, tetapi hanya semata-mata perintah dari Allah SWT. Hal ini ditunjukkan dalam hadis berikut:
- Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 760:
Narrated ‘Aisha:
Whenever Allah’s Apostle was given the choice of one of two matters, he would choose the easier of the two, as long as it was not sinful to do so, but if it was sinful to do so, he would not approach it. Allah’s Apostle never took revenge (over anybody) for his own sake but (he did) only when Allah’s Legal Bindings were outraged in which case he would take revenge for Allah’s Sake. - Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 840:
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
Allah’s Apostle reached Khaibar in the early morning and the people of Khaibar came out with their spades, and when they saw the Prophet they said, “Muhammad and his army!” and returned hurriedly to take refuge in the fort. The Prophet raised his hands and said, “Allah is Greater! Khaibar is ruined ! If we approach a nation, then miserable is the morning of those who are warned.”
- Sahih Bukhari Volume 9, Book 83, Number 8:
Narrated Abu Zur’a bin ‘Amr bin Jarir:
The Prophet said during Hajjat-al-Wada’, “Let the people be quiet and listen to me. After me, do not become disbelievers, by striking (cutting) the necks of one another.”
- Sahih Bukhari Volume 9, Book 83, Number 14:
Narrated Al-Ahnaf bin Qais:
I went to help that man (i.e., ‘Ali), and on the way I met Abu Bakra who asked me, “Where are you going?” I replied, “I am going to help that man.” He said, “Go back, for I heard Allah’s Apostle saying, ‘If two Muslims meet each other with their swords then (both) the killer and the killed one are in the (Hell) Fire.’ I said, ‘O Allah’s Apostle! It is alright for the killer, but what about the killed one?’ He said, ‘The killed one was eager to kill his opponent.”
- Sunan Abu Dawud Book 38, Number 4350:
Narrated AbuBakr:
AbuBarzah said: I was with AbuBakr. He became angry at a man and uttered hot words. I said: Do you permit me, Caliph of the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him), that I cut off his neck? These words of mine removed his anger; he stood and went in. He then sent for me and said: What did you say just now? I said: (I had said:) Permit me that I cut off his neck. He said: Would you do it if I ordered you? I said: Yes. He said: No, I swear by Allah, this is not allowed for any man after Muhammad (peace_be_upon_him). - Sashih Bukhari Volume 3, Book 49, Number 856:
Narrated Anas:
It was said to the Prophet “Would that you see Abdullah bin Ubai.” So, the Prophet went to him, riding a donkey, and the Muslims accompanied him, walking on salty barren land. When the Prophet reached ‘Abdullah bin Ubai, the latter said, “Keep away from me! By Allah, the bad smell of your donkey has harmed me.” On that an Ansari man said (to ‘Abdullah), “By Allah! The smell of the donkey of Allah’s Apostle is better than your smell.” On that a man from ‘Abdullah’s tribe got angry for ‘Abdullah’s sake, and the two men abused each other which caused the friends of the two men to get angry, and the two groups started fighting with sticks, shoes and hands. We were informed that the following Divine Verse was revealed (in this concern):– “And if two groups of Believers fall to fighting then, make peace between them.” (49.9)
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